background: the big wars with its plentiful victims, not only don’t human life to calmness and security but also caused hospitals facing with a great deal of applicants and every day it increased the mental disorders and abNORMALities.Purpose: according to special condition of devotee’s SPOUSES, the purpose of this research is comparing the mental health of NORMAL person’s SPOUSES and devotees SPOUSES.Materials and methods: the method of research is casual-comparative. Research sample were 300 PERSONS (150 devotee SPOUSES and 150 NORMAL PERSONS spouse) and were selected by systematic random sampling to collect data by mental health questionnaire (SCL-90-R) and demographic characteristics.Results: data are analyzed by Manova the analyzing of data shown that there is a meaningful difference between mental health of devotees SPOUSES and NORMAL PERSONS SPOUSES (p<0.0001).Discussion: the war, as a serious mental pressure factor has a widespread mental, social, cultural, and personal consequences and during different generation it affect the members of society. According to these research findings, we can conclude that devotee’s SPOUSES in comparison with NORMAL person’s SPOUSES have more phobia, depression, paranoid, psychotics, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and aggression.

Background: 8 years of war undoubtedly have made different opportunity to research and study and recording its scientific effects is done by researchers. Family is an important factor of society and to gain a safe society is only available by having good communication between family members.Purpose: regarding to war problems and effects of its pressure on communication patterns of family specially SPOUSES, the purpose of this research is comparison between communication patterns of devotee SPOUSES and NORMAL person’s SPOUSES.Materials and methods: the method of research is casual-comparative. Research sample is 300 person (150 devotee spouse and 150 NORMAL spouse) and were selected by systematic random sampling to collect data by the communication pattern questionnaire (CPQ) and demographic characteristics.Results: data are analyzed by Manova and T test. Analyzing the data showed that there is a significant difference between the communication patterns (mutual constructive, mutual avoidance and demand/ withdraw) of devotee SPOUSES and NORMAL person’s SPOUSES (p<0.0001).Conclusion: from this point that devotee SPOUSES are faced by pressure of different problems, their communication statue is also influenced by these conditions. Findings this research show that devotee SPOUSES use mutual constructive communication pattern less than NORMAL SPOUSES And use mutual avoidance and demand/ withdraw communication patterns more than NORMAL SPOUSES.

Because of continuous changing of anatomy, function and metabolism of the human brain, age- related change is a major risk factor in most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease. Therefore, knowing patterns of age-related atrophy of brain tissue can identify causes and possible role of diseases in decreasing brain function with age. The aim of this study was to determine the age, sex, and hemispheric differences in volume of the human neostriatum (striatum) nucleus in right-handed healthy humans. This study was performed on 120 NORMAL human subjects (60 males, 60 females) 15–65 years old that was divided into young (<40 years) and old (³40 years) groups. The sectional brain images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed and processed using the Image-J software and the caudate volume was calculated using the Cavalieri’s principle. The analyses revealed bilateral age-related changes in the caudate volume of both sexes and the caudate nucleus was significantly smaller in older than younger subjects (P<0.001). There were statistically significant volume differences between males and females (P<0.05) and there was a significant negative correlation between age and volume of the caudate nucleus. Our results provide useful baseline data on age and gender-related changes of caudate volume in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons and Huntingtons, which has the potential to diagnose neurodegenerative disease before the appearance of typical clinical symptoms.

Background: Depression is a common problem and reduces function of PERSONS. Evaluation of this matter in Gifted Intelligence-because superior their beneficial ness- have more importance. Our aim in this study is to determine relative frequency of depressionin Gifted Intelligence as compared with NORMAL PERSONS. Materials and Methods: In the context of a case - control study 90 NORMAL volunteers and 56 very superior volunteers - aged between 20 and 30 years, so that matched in respect of gender- were investigated by Beck Depression Inventory. IQ identification was performed by both Wechsler Adult Intelligence scaling and Ravens progressive Matrices. Results: out of 90 NORMAL PERSONS, 36 were depressed (40%) and among 56 Gifted Intelligence, 35 were depressed. (62.5%) In other words relative frequency of depression in Gifted Intelligence- with significant differences- is more.(p<0.05).Conclusion: Although Gifted Intelligence have more ability in opposition to stress- because higher level of IQ-but in this study was observed that prevalence of depression in Gifted Intelligence is more. This finding may be by reason of higher perception of them and the result of it- actually- more meeting of stress.

In all medical centers electrocardiography is one of the first steps in the evaluation of patients suspected of heart disease. It is therefore clear that distinguishing NORMAL from pathologic patterns in electrocardiography is of utmost importance. The aim of this descriptive and analytical study was to determine the NORMAL electrocardiography indices in all leads and to investigate the influence of age and sex on these indices. For this purpose 500 healthy subjects were selected with the simple sampling method. After obtaining an electrocardiography and calculating the indices, the results were analyzed yielding the following results: Since in most cases P wave was negative in DIII and VI leads and T wave in VI and avF we can consider these negative waves as NORMAL. At least in certain leads the great majority of electrocardiography indices had significant relationships with age and sex. Most notably QRS interval which increases with age in all leads and QT interval that was longer in women than in men in all leads.

Introduction: Drug use and involvement with its harmful effects are major challenges for most societies. The extent of this destruction is so much that it affects not only the individual but also the social relationships of friends, family, education and work. Marijuana is a prevalent drug among young people and its consumption has grown more in youth rather than cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to compare the visual memory of marijuana dependents to NORMAL individuals. Method: The present study was a causal-comparative study which was performed on two groups of marijuana and NORMAL individuals by available sampling method. The statistical population of this study was all individuals with marijuana consumption in Tehran who referred to addiction treatment centers from May to August 2017. The sample consisted of 30 marijuana users and the group of 30 NORMAL individuals who were selected from adolescent addicts who were matched in terms of age, sex and education with the marijuana group. To test the visual memory function, the Ray-Ostrrieth Complex Figure Test was used. Results: The results showed that marijuana-dependent people had more problems in visual memory and scored lower scores in all three stages of testing compared to the NORMAL group. Conclusion: Regular use of marijuana has many defects and cognitive impairments in the performance of visual memory. These types of defects can be considered in rehabilitation programs intended to improve the conditions of addicts and treat them, and seek to design appropriate programs to reduce them.

Objectives: Stressful life events, coping strategies and attitude toward life have been known as important components in tendency toward substance abuse. This study, investigates coping patterns and dysfunctional attitudes among a group of clients at Mashhad Welfare Center as substance abusers comparing with those of control group. Method: 50 male substance abusers were selected randomly and matched with control group with regard to age, education, job and income level. Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Coping Skills Questionnaire were applied in this study. Findings: Results showed that during stressful periods of life, substance abusers had weaker problem solving strategies, cognitive evaluation and social support compared with control group. Conclusion: This study showed that cognitive therapy and coping skills training could be beneficial for primary and secondary prevention.

Background and Objectives: Researchers believe that there is interaction between personality and high risk sexual behaviors. The purpose of this research was to study the personality trait in individuals with high risk sexual behaviors and to compare with that among individuals without high risk sexual behaviors.Materials and Methods: In this study, all individuals with high risk sexual behaviors who referred to AIDS counseling center at Red Crescent community were selected during 3 months. They were matched with a group of NORMAL subjects with regard to demographic characteristics. The data were collected using questionnaire in two categories; demographic items and five factor model inventory.Results: Investigation results showed that the high risk sexual group had significant differences in Neuroticism, flexibility, openness, and Conscientiousness.Conclusion: there is special personality structure that makes people vulnerable to problems such as high risk sexual behavior and subsequently to AIDS. Sever pattern personality traits are seen subjects with high risk sexual behaviors.

The main purpose of this research was a survey and comparison on personality features of people involved in sexual identity disorder and NORMAL PERSONS. Population of this research consisted of the whole males involved in sexual identity disorder who were in Tehran, Shahid Mahalati Square, Shahid Navvab Safavi center of crisis management.20 people have been diagnosed with sexual identity disorder from point of view of psychologists and psychiatrists from this population and criteria of diagnosis of sexual identity disorder have been confirmed by answering to cheek lists and have been selected. Also, 20- person sampling has been selected from NORMAL males of the population as a control group. Both groups are in the age range of 20 to 35 and minority of the education was diploma. The main question of this research was whether there is a meaningful relationship between aspects of personality features of people involved in sexual identity disorder and NORMAL people. The following research is king of comparative causal. The instrument which is used in this research is: 1. Five- factor questionnaire of personality of Neo which the reliability of this questionnaire has been calculated between 76% to 82% with the use of corenbakh a (Haghshenas 1387).2.23 questionnaire which accords with diagnosis criteria of DSMIV for sexual identity disorder and the reliability was calculated 0.82. The used statistical tests was descriptive and inferential. According to obtained results there is a meaningful difference between NORMAL and abNORMAL people. (p<0.001, f=10.60). Dimensions of neurosis, empiricism and extraversion are in the high level in abNORMAL people than NORMAL people but NORMAL people are in the higher level than abNORMAL people in consensus factor. There is no meaningful difference between NORMAL and abNORMAL people in consciousness factor. (p<0.001).